University of Pennsylvania Law How Many Times Are Applications Reviewed

Higher education institution not operated by a government

This article is about private universities and colleges that are academic degree-awarding. For chief or preparatory schools, see Individual school.

Private universities and private colleges are institutions of higher education, commonly non operated nor owned by governments. They may and often practice receive revenue enhancement breaks, public student loans, and grants. Depending on their location, private universities may exist subject to regime regulation. Private universities may be contrasted with public universities and national universities. Many individual universities are nonprofit organizations.

Africa [edit]

Arab republic of egypt [edit]

Arab republic of egypt currently has xx public universities (with about two meg students) and 23 individual universities (threescore,000 students).

Egypt has many individual universities, including The American University in Cairo, the German University in Cairo, the British University in Egypt, the Arab Academy for Science, Applied science and Maritime Transport, Misr Academy for Science and Technology, Misr International University, Future Academy in Egypt and Modernistic Sciences and Arts University.

In addition to the state-funded, national and private universities in Egypt (List of universities in Arab republic of egypt), international university institutions were founded in the New Administrative Capital, which are hosting branches of Universities from abroad. Among such university institutions are The Knowledge Hub (TKH) and European Universities in Egypt (EUE).

Republic of ghana [edit]

In that location were few private universities in Ghana before the beginning of the new millennium. Ghana has seen a flood of the establishment of private universities and colleges, which is a reflection of the country's stable governance, and the pace of economical growth. About of these universities are non known to be sponsored by foreign corporate organisations and government universities, and the aim is to avoid the Ghanaian government'due south excessive payment of bond which is a requirement for all strange institutions endeavouring to operate businesses in the land. Almost all the private universities in Ghana have a similar kind of bookish bailiwick, like concern administration, human resource, bookkeeping, data engineering science, etc., which are offered by universities like Ashesi, Regent, Valley View, Ghana Telecom, and many others. The contempo discovery of oil and gas in commercial quantities has influenced the evolution of oil and gas management courses within the individual universities' curricula.

Libya [edit]

Libya has number of recognised individual education institutions and universities, approved past the Ministry of Higher Didactics, ranked and qualified to specialise in academic programs in Business organisation Administration, Computer Science, Constabulary, Medicine and Humanitarian. These institutions include:

• Al Rifaq Academy for Humanitarian and Practical Science – Tripoli City
• Ibn Al Haytham Center for Engineering science Education and Scientific inquiry – Tripoli Metropolis
• Libyan International Medical Academy – Benghazi City
• Libyan University for Humanitarian and Engineering science – Tajora City
• Tripoli Community University – Tripoli
• Tripoli Establish for Medical Sciences – Tripoli City
• United Africa University – Zawia Urban center

Nigeria [edit]

The National Universities Commission of Nigeria has the responsibleness to corroborate private universities and accredit their courses. This ensures a minimum standard in curriculum and educational activity. In that location are currently 60 canonical private universities in Nigeria and many applications being processed.

S Africa [edit]

In Due south Africa there are many distinctions between public universities and what are officially termed private higher education institutions. Recognised private college education institutions include Akademia (af), Varsity College, Vega, Milpark, Midrand Graduate Institute and Regenesys Business School, Academy of Cape Town.

Asia [edit]

People's republic of bangladesh [edit]

A number of private universities were established in Bangladesh after the Private Universities Act, 1992 was instituted, and consolidated and re-enacted as the Private Universities Act, 2010. All private universities must be canonical by University Grants Commission (UGC) earlier they are given a allow to operate. See external links for: Individual Universities Act 1992.

Every bit of April 2018, there were 97 private universities in Bangladesh.

Brunei Darussalam [edit]

Private institutions must confer the students with external programmes such every bit BDTVEC (the largest awarding body in the country), BTEC and Cambridge International Examinations pathways. Accreditation by Negara brunei darussalam Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC) is very crucial in club to plant a private institution.

• Laksamana College of Business concern (Brunei Campus of Kensington College of Business)

Kingdom of cambodia [edit]

Since 1997, private universities have been established in the Cambodia.

• IIC University of Technology (IICUT) – Phnom Penh
• Zaman University (ZAMANU) – Phnom Penh

China [edit]

Since 2003, joint-partnership private universities take been established in the People'due south Republic of China (PRC). Typically, the partners are a Chinese university and a not-Chinese institution. English language is frequently the merely linguistic communication of educational activity at such universities, and many focus on providing a comprehensive liberal arts instruction modeled afterward enquiry universities in the United States and Europe.

• Sanda University – Shanghai
• Duke Kunshan Academy (DKU) – Kunshan, Jiangsu
• SIAS International University (SIAS) – Xinzheng, Henan
• United International College (UIC) – Zhuhai, Guangdong
• University of Nottingham Ningbo, China (UNNC) – Ningbo, Zhejiang
• Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) – Suzhou, Jiangsu
• University of Xing Hua

Hong Kong [edit]

• Hong Kong Shue Yan Academy- acquired university status on 19 December 2006
• Hang Seng Academy of Hong Kong- caused university status on 30 Oct 2018

India [edit]

Universities in Republic of india are recognized by the University Grants Committee (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Committee Deed, 1956.^[1] Private universities in India are regulated under the UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Individual Universities) Regulations, 2003.^[2] Per the UGC deed and these regulations, private universities are established by an act of country legislative assemblies and listed past the UGC in the Gazette upon receiving the human action. As confirmed past ruling of the Supreme Court of India, recognition by the UGC is required for the university to operate.^[3] Likewise per the 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report.

The UGC publishes and regularly updates the lists of private universities.^[4] As of 18 September 2017^[update], the UGC list of individual universities lists 279 universities.^[five]

Indonesia [edit]

(Incomplete list)

• Islamic University of Indonesia – a private university located in Yogyakarta, Republic of indonesia; established on 27 Rajab 1364 Hijri or on 8 July 1945 every bit STI (Sekolah Tinggi Islam – Islamic Higher School) by political figures of the twenty-four hours including Dr. Muhammad Hatta, Mohammad Natsir, Mohammad Roem, Wachid Hasyim also as Abdul Kahar Mudzakir. STI developed into Universitas Islam Republic of indonesia on fourteen December 1947. Historically, UII is the start national university in Indonesia, and is also the oldest private university in the country.
• Muhammadiyah University of Magelang – a private university belonging to Muhammadiyah organisation; known as UMMGL, standing for Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang; founded on August 31, 1964
• Muhammadiyah Academy of Yogyakarta – a private Islamic academy in Yogyakarta known every bit UMY and established in 1981.
• Ma Chung Academy – a private university founded past Peranakan Chinese Indonesians, established in 2007, located in Malang, Due east Coffee.
• Parahyangan Catholic University – a private university located in Bandung which was established on 1955
• Telkom University
• Bina Nusantara University
• President University
• Darma Persada Daigaku

Iran [edit]

• Khayyam University of Mashhad
• The Islamic Azad University organization
• University of Science and Civilization
• International University of Chabahar
• University of Ershad-Damavand

Republic of iraq [edit]

• Ahlulbait University College – Karbala
• Al Hadbaa University Higher – Al Musel
• Al Maamoon Academy College – Baghdad
• Al Maarif Academy Higher – Al-Anbar
• Al Mansour Academy Higher – Baghdad
• Al Rafidain University College – Baghdad
• Al Rasheed Academy College – Baghdad
• Al Turath Academy College – Baghdad
• Al Yarmouk University College – Diala
• Alsalam Academy College – Baghdad
• Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University – Baghdad
• Baghdad College of Pharmacy – Baghdad
• Basrah University College of Scientific discipline and Technology – Basrah
• Concern & Management University – Baghdad
• Dijlah University Higher – Baghdad
• Humanitarian Studies University Higher – Najaf
• Iraq University Higher – Basrah
• Islamic University Higher – Najaf
• Konooz Academy College – Basrah
• Madenat Alelem University College – Baghdad
• Shat Al Arab College – Basrah
• University of Kurdistan Hewler^{[ commendation needed ]} – Erbil
• Komar University – Slaimani
• Ishik University – Slaimani
• The American Academy of Republic of iraq – Sulaimani
• The American University of Kurdistan – Duhok
• Nawroz University – Erbil
• Cihan University – Erbil
• Cihan University – Slaimani
• Knowledge University – Erbil
• British Royal University – Erbil
• Catholic University – Erbil
• Lebanese French University – Erbil
• Imam Jafar Asadiq academy – Baghdad

Israel [edit]

• Reichman University – Hertzeliya

Japan [edit]

As of 2010^[update] Nippon had 597 private universities, while there are 86 national universities and 95 public universities.^[vi] Private universities thus account for about ¾ of all universities in Japan. Many, but not all, junior colleges in Japan are individual. Like public and national universities, many private universities apply National Center Test for University Admissions as an entrance exam.

The virtually famous institutions are:

Kantō region

• International Christian University
• Keio University
• Sophia University
• Tokyo University of Science
• Waseda University

Another five colleges, called "MARCH"

• Meiji University
• Aoyama Gakuin University
• Rikkyo University
• Chuo University
• Hosei University
• Takushoku Academy

Chūbu region

• Nanzan University

Kansai region

• Doshisha University
• Kansai University
• Kwansei Gakuin University
• Kindai University
• Ritsumeikan University

Hashemite kingdom of jordan [edit]

There are one private university in Madaba city:

• American University of Madaba (AUM).

State of kuwait [edit]

At that place are 11 private universities and colleges in Kuwait:

• American University of Kuwait (AUK)
• American International University (AIU)
• Kuwait Higher of Science and Engineering science (KCST)
• American University of the Middle Eastward (AUM)
• Australian College of Kuwait (ACK)
• Gulf University for Science and Applied science (GUST)
• Kuwait-Maastricht Business School
• American College of the Middle East (ACM)
• Arab Open University (AOU) – Kuwait branch
• Box Hill College Kuwait
• College of Aviation Technology

Lebanese republic [edit]

There are 19 private universities in Lebanese republic.^[7] Among these, the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American Academy are internationally best-selling.^[8]

The languages of teaching in private universities are mainly French and English language, while Standard arabic is widely used in religious universities and Armenian is used in the Armenian university.

The beginning academy opened in Lebanon was the Syrian Protestant Higher in 1866 (which became the American Academy of Beirut in 1921). It was founded by Daniel Bliss, a Protestant missionary. The second university opened in Lebanon was the Université Saint-Joseph, founded by the Jesuits in 1875.

Macau [edit]

• City University of Macau
• Macau University of Science and Applied science
• University of Saint Joseph

Malaysia [edit]

The private universities include:

• Universiti Tenaga Nasional
• Curtin University Sarawak
• Monash University Malaysia Campus
• Multimedia University
• New Era University Higher
• Royal Higher of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus
• Southern Academy Higher
• Sunway University
• Swinburne University of Engineering Sarawak Campus
• Tunku Abdul Rahman University College
• Taylor's University
• Universiti Teknologi Petronas
• Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
• Wawasan Open University

For consummate list of individual universities in Malaysia, see the list of private universities in Malaysia.

Myanmar [edit]

The individual universities include:

• Info Myanmar Academy
• STI Myanmar University
• Myanmar Regal Academy
• Victoria University College
• Strategy Start University
• Gusto Academy
• Chindwin College
• IQY Technical College
• STC Technological University
• IPEM Technological Academy
• Myanmar Commercial Management Institute (MCMI)
• Mandalay Business Schoolhouse

Nepal [edit]

• Kathmandu Academy – When established in November 1991 as a non-turn a profit, autonomous, public university,^[9]

by an Deed,^[10] Kathmandu University became the first privately managed public institution of college learning in Nepal.

Islamic republic of pakistan [edit]

The Higher Instruction Commission (HEC), formerly the Academy Grant Committee (UGC), is the primary regulator of higher didactics in Pakistan. Information technology also facilitates the development of the higher educational organisation in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade the schools to exist world-class centres of education, enquiry and development. It also plays a leading role towards edifice a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan past giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for pedagogy abroad every year.

In spite of the criticism of the HEC, its cosmos has likewise had a positive impact on higher education in Pakistan. Its two-year report for 2004 to 2006 states that according to the Establish of Scientific Data, the total number of publications appearing in the 8,000 leading journals indexed in the web of science arising out of Pakistan in 2005 was i,259 articles, representing a 41% increase over the past 2 years and a sixty% increase since the establishment of HEC in 2002. The HEC digital library at present provides access to over twenty,000 leading research journals, roofing about 75% of the world's peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Until 1991, there were only two recognized private universities in Pakistan: Aga Khan University, established in 1983 and Lahore University of Management Sciences, established in 1985. By 1997, however, there were 10 individual universities. In 2001–2002, this number had doubled to 20. Among the showtime to proceeds caste application status was Hajvery Academy, Lahore (HU), established in 1990. In 2003–2004 Islamic republic of pakistan had a total of 83 individual degree granting institutions.

Saudi Arabia [edit]

In that location are ix private universities in Saudi Arabia:

• Al Yamamah University
• Alfaisal University
• Arab Open up University
• Dar Al Uloom University^[11]
• Effat Academy
• Fahd bin Sultan Academy^[12]
• Rex Abdullah Academy of Scientific discipline and Technology
• Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University
• Prince Sultan University

Singapore [edit]

Stansfield College, founded in 1993, is a private college education institution and a provider of the Academy of London International Programmes in Singapore. Through its collaboration with the University of London, Stansfield offers undergraduate degrees and diplomas in a range of academic disciplines which include Law, the Humanities, and the EMFSS suite of programmes with specialisations in Accounting, Business organisation & Management, Cyberbanking & Finance, Economics, Mathematics & Economics and the Social Sciences.^[xiii] The college has as well expanded its range of programmes to include several university foundation awards including certificate and diploma programmes that let students to progress academically at Stansfield or to gain admissions into overseas universities. The higher also provides postgraduate diplomas and executive development courses and seminars.^[13]

The college enrolls over 500, with students from over 30 countries studying at its campus.^[13]

Auston Constitute of Management is another instance of a private 'university' where students who written report at the college receive university awards from degree-awarding partners overseas. Auston rose to fame in the early 2000s^{[ citation needed ]} with a collaboration with Coventry University. This partnership ended in 2012 and was replaced with new partners including London Southward Depository financial institution University, University of Wolverhampton, Birmingham City University, Chichester University and De Montfort University. Auston is known for its hands-on approach and its emphasis in technical areas of study such as electronics, mechatronics, computer security, and various forms of software engineering.^[14]

Auston graduates about 400 students per year from equally many every bit eight different countries, all studying in Singapore for Britain degree awards.^[14]

South Korea [edit]

• Busan University of Foreign Studies
• Chung-Ang University
• Dong-A University
• Dongseo Academy
• Handong Global Academy
• Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
• Hanyang University
• Hongik University
• Konkuk Academy
• Keimyung University
• Kookmin University
• Korea University
• Kwangwoon University
• Kyung Hee University
• Kyungsung University
• Sogang University
• Sungkyunkwan University
• Yonsei Academy

Sri Lanka [edit]

In Sri Lanka state recognized private institutes are immune to award degrees under Section 25A of the Universities Human activity No. xvi of 1978. The University Grants Committee is responsible for the accreditation of these institutes and degrees. These mostly provide undergraduate degrees, with a limited few proving postgraduate degrees.^{[xv] [16]} The Informatics Institute of Sri Lanka (IIT),^[17] NSBM Dark-green University (NSBM),^[xviii] Horizon Campus^[19] and Sri Lanka Plant for Information technology (SLIIT)^[20] are examples. Some foreign universities franchise parts of their caste courses in Sri Lanka with local institutes. Students are charged for the study (some of these institutes are state funded institutions of their habitation countries) and these charges are oftentimes a fraction of the price studying in the abode countries of these institutions.

Efforts to establish private universities have been blocked due to protests from state universities' undergraduates and leftist political parties.

Nonetheless many individual colleges take sprung up i of which is the affiliated campus of Auston Establish of Direction, Singapore. The Sri Lanka campus was established in 2010 and is a Board of Investment or (BOI) visitor. It retains a like focus to the domicile campus and occupies a prime spot along Colombo'southward famous Galle Road.^[21]

Syria [edit]

• Al-Andalus University
• Al Rasheed International University
• Al-Shahba University
• Al-Wataniya Private University
• Aljazeera University
• Arab International University
• Ebla Private Academy
• Hawash Private University
• International Academy for Science and Technology
• Ittihad Private Academy
• Mamoun University for Scientific discipline and Engineering
• Syrian Private University
• Academy of Kalamoon
• Wadi International Academy
• Yarmouk Private University

Taiwan [edit]

In Taiwan, unlike the United States, private universities are typically not as prestigious as some public (national) universities. They are not equally highly ranked as public institutions, and also price nearly twice every bit much. This is due to the course of testing in schools in Taiwan, in which students take a national entrance exam to determine their academy qualifications. The famous private university is Fu Jen Catholic Academy, and the primeval is Tunghai University.

Thailand [edit]

• Asia-Pacific International University – Saraburi
• Asian University – Chonburi
• Assumption University – Bangkok
• Bangkok University – Bangkok
• Bangkokthonburi University – Bangkok
• Chaopraya Academy – Nakhon Sawan
• Christian Academy – Nakhon Pathom
• Chulabhorn Graduate Constitute – Bangkok
• Dhurakij Pundit University – Bangkok
• Dusit Thani Higher – Bangkok
• East-sarn Academy – Khon Kaen
• Eastern asia Academy – Pathumthani
• The Far Eastern University – Chiang Mai
• Hatyai University – Songkhla
• Huachiew Chalermprakiet University – Bangkok
• Kasem Bundit University – Bangkok
• Krirk University – Bangkok
• Mahanakorn University of Engineering science – Bangkok
• North Chiang Mai University – Chiang Mai
• North Eastern University – Khon Kaen
• Pathumthani University – Pathumthani
• Payap University – Chiang Mai
• Rangsit University – Pathumthani
• Ratchathani University – Ubon Ratchathani
• Rattana Bundit Academy – Bangkok
• Saint John's Academy – Bangkok
• Shinawatra University – Pathumthani
• Siam Academy – Bangkok
• Due south-East asia University – Bangkok
• Sripatum Academy – Khon Kaen and Bangkok
• Stamford International University – Phetchaburi
• Thai-Nichi Institute of Engineering science – Bangkok
• Thonburi Academy – Bangkok
• Academy of the Thai Bedroom of Commerce – Bangkok
• Vongchavalitkul University – Nakhon Ratchasima
• Webster Academy Thailand – Phetchaburi
• Yala Islamic University – Yala

United Arab Emirates [edit]

• World Chief University – Dubai

Vietnam [edit]

Since the 1990s a lot of private universities take opened in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh Urban center Open Academy was 1 of the first. Typical characteristics of Vietnamese private universities as of 2010^[update] are higher (very high in some cases) tuition fees, poor infrastructure, and limited faculty and human resources.

Individual universities are often named after scholars (Fulbright University Vietnam, Vo Truong Toan University, Nguyen Trai Academy, Luong The Vinh University, Chu Van A University, Yersin University, Phan Chau Trinh University), or heroes/legends (Hung Vuong University, Quang Trung University), although at that place are exceptions, such as FPT University, named after the FPT Group and Tan Tao University, in Tan Tao Group.

In Vietnam, there exists the "semi-individual academy"; schools in this category can receive partial financial support from the government. Almost all private universities have to invite professors and lecturers from the state universities. Many lecturers from state-owned universities have up positions in private universities after their retirement.

Europe [edit]

Austria [edit]

In Austria, educational institutions must be authorised past the country to legally grant academic degrees. All state-run universities are governed by the 2002 Austrian Universities' and University Caste Programmes' Organization Act (Federal Law Gazette No. 120/2002). In 1999, a federal law (Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz) was passed to allow the accreditation of private universities. The Akkreditierungsrat (Accreditation Council)^[22] evaluates applicants and problems recommendations to the responsible Austrian accreditation authority (the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science & Research).

Accreditation by the quango yields a couple of privileges: degrees issued by accredited private universities have the same legal status as those issued by state-run universities. Private universities tin can appoint or promote professors. Their students bask the same privileges pertaining to social security, foreigner law and state scholarships as students of the state universities. Educational services of private universities are not subject to value added tax, and donations are tax deductible.

Accreditations must be renewed regularly and tin exist withdrawn, e.thou. in the case of repeated academic misconduct as happened in 2003 when the accreditation of International University Vienna was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of Imadec University expired, the Accreditation Quango rejected requests for renewal.

Austrian law provides that individual universities in Austria must use the term Privatuniversität (literally, "private university") in their German names, although their formal names in other languages are non regulated. Thus, there is the possibility of private institutions employing the term "university" as opposed to "private university" in their advertisements in all languages except High german while still complying with Austrian law.

While the legal definition of "individual university" prohibits funding by the federal regime of Austria, funding by other public bodies is not prohibited. Consequently, some of Austria's private universities are partly or wholly funded by provincial governments, while others are fully privately funded.

Accreditation of private universities began in 2001. As of 2020^[update], Austria has 16 private universities. Nigh are small (fewer than 1000 students) and specialise in only one or two fields of written report:

• Anton Bruckner Private University – Linz
• Bertha von Suttner Individual Academy – Sankt Pölten
• Catholic Private University Linz
• Central European Academy – Vienna
• Danube Private University – Krems an der Donau
• Gustav Mahler Individual Academy for Music – Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
• Jam Music Lab Private Academy for Jazz and Pop Music Vienna
• Karl Landsteiner University of Wellness Sciences – Krems an der Donau
• Music and Arts Academy of the City of Vienna – Vienna
• Modul University Vienna
• New Design University St. Pölten
• Paracelsus Medical University – Salzburg
• Seeburg Castle University in Seekirchen – near Salzburg
• Sigmund Freud University Vienna
• UMIT - Private University for Wellness Sciences, Medical Informatics and Applied science – Hall in Tirol
• Webster Vienna Private University (also accredited in the United states of america)

Four sometime private universities are not accredited any more than:

• International University Vienna: Accreditation was withdrawn in 2003 due to bookish misconduct.
• Imadec University: Commencement accreditation menstruum concluded in January 2006 and was not renewed.
• TCM Privatuniversität Li Shi Zhen in Vienna: Accreditation period ended 2009; TCM did not telephone call for renewal. All students could finish their studies.
• PEF Private University of Management Vienna: The university closed for economical reasons in March 2012. All students could finish their studies.

Kingdom of belgium [edit]

Belgium makes a distinction betwixt free institutions (as: free from the State), which are recognised and funded by the Communities of Belgium (the State until 1990) and follow the same rules and laws every bit fully public universities, from fully private institutions, which are not recognised nor funded by the regime, and do not issue valid degrees.

Private (free) institutions are predominantly Catholic, similar UCLouvain, KU Leuven or Saint-Louis University, Brussels. On the reverse, the Free University of Brussels (today dissever into ULB and VUB) was founded past masonic individuals. All started to get recognised by the State from 1891 onwards.

Information technology is forbidden past law to telephone call an institution "university" or "faculty", meaning fully private (non-free) 'universities' have limited visibility.

Bulgaria [edit]

Bulgaria has a number of private universities, amidst which the most renowned are New Bulgarian University, located in the capital city Sofia; Burgas Complimentary University; Varna Costless University and American University in Bulgaria.

Republic of finland [edit]

Finland does non officially recognise individual universities, but does not explicitly forestall them either. Helsinki School of Business concern is an case of i such educational institution operating in this market place.

France [edit]

France has a dual system: universities and grandes écoles.

It is forbidden past law for a private institution to be called "university",^[23] and about all universities are public. Some individual institutions still openly call themselves "universities", such as the Lille Catholic University, even if this has no legal basis. Universities provide courses in all academic fields (engineering, law, medical, economics, arts, business assistants, folklore). One may join university after a high school degree and written report at that place for a licence (bachelor), main's degree, or doctoral plan, although once more by law private institutions may not grant degrees chosen licence or doctorat.

Grandes écoles tin be public or private, only the near prestigious ones are public. These institutions operate mostly in engineering studies and business administration. Universities and grandes écoles compete in these two fields. Some of them report to the Ministry of Higher Teaching, such every bit Arts et Métiers ParisTech and École Centrale Paris, and a few to the Ministry of Defense, such equally École Polytechnique. Several private grandes écoles are members of the Conférence des Grandes Écoles, a lobbying group representing grandes écoles. Most grandes écoles can be joined afterward following two years of classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles, an intensive programme post-obit the baccalauréat. A selective examination after the 2 additional years is taken to enter a grande école. Post-obit the Bologna Process, this total 5 yr courses (two years of preparatory classes plus iii years in engineering or business school) is equivalent to a primary'south degree.

Grandes écoles for studying concern administration are usually function of the chambers of commerce. For case, HEC is function of the Chamber of Commerce of Paris (CCIP), and is therefore semi-private.^{[ citation needed ]}

Germany [edit]

Germany has 83 private universities (called Privathochschule) and 45 church building-run universities (chosen kirchliche Hochschule). Similar to the state-run universities, they are subdivided into Universitäten (research universities), Fachhochschulen (universities of applied science) and Kunst- und Musikhochschulen (fine art schools). Private universities in Germany need institutional accreditation by the state.

The get-go private academy in Germany, the Ukrainian Free University, was established xvi September 1950 in Munich. EBS University of Business and Constabulary opened in 1971. Witten/Herdecke University opened in 1982 and Zeppelin University in 2003. Though private universities are numerous in Frg, they stand for simply less than one% of all students. Some private universities, including Hanseatic Academy Rostock (2007–2009) and the International University in Germany in Bruchsal, take gone out of business.

Well-nigh of the church universities are run by the Protestant or Catholic churches; however, there is one Jewish academy (Hochschule für Jüdische Studien) in Heidelberg.

Greece [edit]

In Greece private universities are prohibited by the constitution (Article 16). Still, laboratories of liberal studies ( Εργαστήρια ελευθέρων σπουδών , ergastiria eleftheron spoudon ) operate freely in the state, and, based on a police from the 1930s they are registered every bit private for-turn a profit businesses and regulated by the Greek Ministry of Commerce. Their academic degrees, which are not recognised in Hellenic republic, are directly provided to students by foreign universities in the United Kingdom, Us of America, or other countries, usually through franchise or validation agreements (the franchise understanding usually being considered better). This has express admission to the laboratories, which usually teach in English, to loftier-income Greeks who for various reasons (commonly family matters) did not want to go away.

In 2008 a constabulary was introduced that forced all individual institutions collaborating with foreign universities to offer programmes in the country, to register with the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs as colleges ( κολλέγια , kollegia ) past August 2009. Further amendments to the framework in 2010, 2012 and 2013 (4111/2013, 4093/2012) were introduced. Today there are a serial of individual colleges in Hellenic republic mostly in Athens and Thessaloniki.

Republic of hungary [edit]

• Central European University – Budapest; a founding member of the European University Clan (EUA)^[24]

Italy [edit]

• Maria SS. Assunta University – LUMSA (Rome, Palermo, Taranto, Gubbio)
• University of International Studies of Rome – UNINT (Rome)
• Link Campus University (Rome)
• IULM University (Milan)
• LUISS – Free International University for Social Studies "Guido Carli" (Rome)
• Jean Monnet Complimentary University (Casamassima)
• Carlo Cattaneo University -LIUC (Castellanza)
• Cosmic University of the Sacred Heart (Milan, Rome, Brescia, Campobasso, Piacenza, Cremona)
• Biomedical University of Rome (Rome)
• Bocconi Academy (Milan)
• Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples (Naples, Pomigliano d'Arco, Salerno)
• University of Gastronomic Sciences (Bra, Colorno)
• Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Milan, Cesano Maderno)
• European University of Rome (Rome)
• Humanitas University (Rozzano)

Republic of ireland [edit]

In the Commonwealth of Ireland, a private university (more ordinarily known as a private higher) is one that is not funded by the country, and therefore non covered by the free-fees initiative. All universities, institutes of technology, colleges of education, and the National College of Ireland and some religious institutions are publicly funded and therefore covered past costless-fees initiative. There are few private colleges, and they are highly specialised, such as Griffith Higher Dublin, Dorset College and Dublin Business School. The Higher Didactics Colleges Association is a representative body for private colleges in Ireland. Private colleges in Ireland tin seek to take their programmes validated/accredited by the Higher Education and Training Awards Council.

Netherlands [edit]

Nyenrode is the just individual university in the Netherlands at the graduate level. The university was founded in 1946. It serves every bit a graduate school for business and management. Both programs are taught in English.^{[ citation needed ]} Recently, Nyenrode merged with the Institute for CPA Education and both institutions share their facilities. The Nyenrode Business organisation University also contains a campus and active student torso.

Other Dutch private universities are universities of engineering where ane tin obtain a bachelor's or main'southward degree but not a PhD. These include Wittenborg University, Business School Notenboom (founded in 1958)^[25] and IVA Driebergen for the automotive manufacture with its primeval beginnings in 1930.^[26]

Poland [edit]

• SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
• John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

There are 321 accredited private colleges in Poland.^[27] They honour available's degrees, master's degrees and doctorate degrees.

Portugal [edit]

The oldest not-state-run university, the Universidade Católica Portuguesa – UCP (Catholic Academy of Portugal), a Catholic individual university (concordatory condition) was the first to be founded, in 1967, and officially recognized in 1971. UCP offers some well-recognized degrees and is reputed for the economics, police force and concern management degrees it awards at its Lisbon branch.

After the Carnation Revolution of 1974, in the 1980s and 1990s, a smash of educational private institutions was experienced in Portugal, and many private universities started to open. Most had a poor reputation and were known for making information technology easy for students to enter and besides to become high grades. In 2007, several of those private universities, or their heirs, were investigated and faced compulsory endmost (for instance, the infamous Independente Academy and Internacional Academy closings, and the Moderna University scandal) or official criticism with recommendations that the country-managed investigation proposed for improving their quality and avert termination.

In the mid-2000s, within the Bologna process, a reorganization of higher education was started which included more than stringent regulations for private education and expanded land policies with regard to private education quality balls and educational accreditation. In general, the private college instruction institutions were ofttimes considered the schools of last resort for underachieving applicants who didn't score plenty points in the access examinations to enter the main public institutions.

Near open-admission policies have hurt private universities' reputation and the actual quality of their alumni. Without large endowments like those received, for example, by many US private universities and colleges which are attractive to the best scholars, researchers and students, the private college instruction institutions of Portugal, with a few exceptions, do not have either the financial back up or the academic profile to attain the highest teaching and inquiry standards of the superlative Portuguese public universities. In improver, most private universities accept faced a restrictive lack of collaboration with the major enterprises which, however, take developed fruitful relationships with many public higher education institutions. Most Portuguese individual universities specialise in a limited number of fields, near often in the social sciences and humanities.

Serbia [edit]

At that place are a number of private universities and independent faculties in Serbia, more often than not in Belgrade. They were founded in the 1990s and 2000s. Some commentators expressed concerns over the quality of private college education sector in the country with the President of the Council for Higher Education of the Serbian University of Sciences and Arts Dušan Teodorović calling for closure of all individual universities in the country.^[28]

Switzerland [edit]

Further to the public Universities in Switzerland, the country is well known for its high-quality private education arrangement. For a more consummate listing, please consult:

• the List of universities in Switzerland
• the Category:Business organization schools in Switzerland

Turkey [edit]

In Turkey, private universities have to exist and all belong to and run by foundations (not-turn a profit private legal entities) due to the high Didactics Law, commodity 3-c and annexed article 2^[29] and these universities have public legal personality co-ordinate to said police force and defined as Foundation Academy (in Turkish: Vakıf Üniversitesi) in the relevant regulation. Therefore, a academy organized in this type is usually referred equally a foundation university instead of a individual academy in Turkish. Currently, there are 66 private universities. Bilkent University, founded in 1984, was the first.

In Turkey, according to the laws of private universities, on the recommendation of the Higher Education Council is established by law. The establishment of such universities, established a new university building or in the form of a higher pedagogy establishment will be the proper noun of the university. Foundations for the institution of the university, the university kinesthesia, the formation of at to the lowest degree two of the bodies of the faculties of arts and science teaching programs related to the fields to be present, the university of arts and scientific discipline programs to be amid the first to be launched training programs and eligible to attend the university's delivery to the pedagogy of students in these programs start year necessary.

The well known private universities in Turkey are:

• Acıbadem Academy – Istanbul
• Bahçeşehir University – Istanbul
• Başkent University – Ankara
• Beykent University – Istanbul
• Bilkent University – Ankara
• Çankaya University – Ankara
• Istanbul Aydın University – Istanbul
• Istanbul Bilgi University – Istanbul
• Istanbul Medipol University – Istanbul
• İzmir University of Economic science – İzmir
• Kadir Has University – Istanbul
• Koç Academy – Istanbul
• Sabancı Academy – Istanbul
• TOBB University of Economics and Technology – Ankara
• University of Turkish Aeronautical Association – Ankara
• Yaşar Academy – İzmir
• Yeditepe University – Istanbul

Uk [edit]

In that location are five fully private universities in the U.k.: the non-profit University of Buckingham and Regent'south University London, and the for-profit BPP University, Academy of Law and Arden University.^{[30] [31] [32]}

All other British universities are partly publicly funded and regulated: the regime regulates their tuition fees, educatee funding and student loans and commissions and regulates research assessments and teaching reviews. However, unlike in Continental European countries, the British regime does not own universities' avails, and academy staff are non civil servants: government regulation arises as a status of accepting funding from bodies such as the Role for Students (OfS) and whatever university can in principle choose to get out the OfS regulated organization at any fourth dimension.^[33] Since September 2012 government funding for teaching and groundwork funding for research has been essentially reduced, with i study from that year indicating that annual government funding for educational activity and enquiry would make upwards just 15% of universities' income by 2015.^[34]

In the Great britain, an institution tin can only use the title "University" or "Academy College" if it has been granted by the Privy Council or (in England) by the Office for Students, under the terms of the Further and College Teaching Act 1992 equally amended by the Higher Education and Research Human activity 2017.^{[35] [36]}

Americas [edit]

Argentina [edit]

Fifty-fifty though Argentina has a robust network of free public universities it also has over xxx private universities accredited by the national Ministry of Education. All accredited private higher education institutions must be run by nonprofit organizations. Other for-profit institutions be but tin can not give out official degrees or telephone call themselves universities.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Canada [edit]

There are several individual universities in Canada that have been granted the ability to honor degrees authorization by a provincial authority. Still, the bulk of degree-granting institutions in the country are public universities; a issue of the Canadian university system's historic reliance on government funds for support.^[37] The oldest private universities in Canada operated as seminaries or as religiously affiliated institutions, although several for-profit and not-for-turn a profit private universities were opened in Canada during the late-20th and early 21st century.^[37]

Chile [edit]

Chile has 31 completely private universities and an additional 14 universities which are run by private organizations (mostly religious) but receive some state funding.^[38]

Dominica [edit]

• All Saints Academy School of Medicine
• International Academy for Graduate Studies
• New Earth Academy
• Ross University Schoolhouse of Medicine
• Western Orthodox Academy^[39]

Guatemala [edit]

In Guatemala, the only public university is Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. The rest of the degree offering institutions in the land are private. See listing of universities in Republic of guatemala for a list of the private universities in the country.

Mexico [edit]

Mexico has private and public (government managed) universities. Public universities are complimentary or require a very minimum fee and private universities usually charge for an initial enrollment and monthly fees.

The well known individual universities in Mexico are:

• Tecnológico de Monterrey
• Universidad Iberoamericana
• Panamerican University
• Universidad Anáhuac
• Academy of the Americas
• Universidad La Salle
• Universidad del Valle de México

Peru [edit]

Peru has private and public universities.

• Cayetano Heredia Academy (non-turn a profit)
• University of Lima (non-profit)
• University of the Pacific (not-profit)
• Peruvian Academy of Practical Sciences
• César Vallejo University
• University of Piura (not-profit)
• Ricardo Palma University (non-profit)
• Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
• Female University of the Sacred Heart (non-profit)
• Private University of the North
• Los Andes Academy (not-profit)
• Marcelino Champagnat University (non-profit)
• Pontifical Catholic University of Republic of peru (non-turn a profit)
• Catholic University of Santa María (not-profit)

United States [edit]

Apart from the five United States military academies, most all public higher education institutions are sponsored and overseen by U.S. states, not the Federal authorities. Private colleges and universities are generally owned by either a nonprofit corporation or a for-turn a profit corporation, and ordinarily participate in higher education accreditation in the Usa. In the Us, iv,648 out of vi,606 postal service-secondary institutions (seventy%) were private as of 2016–17, of which 1,823 (39%) were non-profit and two,825 (61%) were for-profit. Amidst degree-granting four-year institutions, 2,095 were private out of 2,832 (74%), of which 1,581 (75%) were non-profit and 514 (25%) were for-turn a profit.^[40] Well-nigh 20% of American college students nourish private colleges.^[41] Most of the balance attend state-supported schools. Universities base their selections on academic performance too as many secondary factors.^[42]

Tuition at individual universities tends to be college than at public universities, though many private universities offer financial assist too.^[43] For instance, at Washington University in St. Louis, 48% of students receive some form of financial support from either the university or the federal regime, averaging $34,990. This is generally in the class of performance-based scholarships, although xiii% of freshmen typically receive need-based assistance averaging $viii,017.^[44]

Oceania [edit]

Australia [edit]

At that place are currently 3 private universities in Australia. Bond University, Australia'south first private university, dates from 1987.^[45] Situated on the Gold Coast, it runs 3 semesters per year (correlating exactly with the Northern and Southern Hemispheres' schedules), which allows a student to complete a vi semester degree in two years, and an eight semester degree (e.m. Law) in under iii years.^[46] The Academy of Notre Matriarch Australia, a private Catholic academy based in Fremantle, was established two years afterward in 1989, and the newest of the three, Torrens University Australia, opened in Adelaide in 2014.^[47]

References [edit]

1. ^ "University Grants Commission Deed, 1956" (PDF). Union Homo Resource Development Ministry. Retrieved 3 September 2011. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
2. ^ "UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003" (PDF). University Grants Commission. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
3. ^ "Supreme Courtroom Judgment Chhattisgarh". www.ugc.air conditioning.in. University Grants Commission. Retrieved i September 2017.
4. ^ "Private Universities". www.ugc.ac.in. University Grants Committee. Retrieved one September 2017.
5. ^ "State -wise List of Private Universities as on 19.09.2017" (PDF). www.ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. 19 September 2017. Retrieved ane September 2017.
6. ^ 私立学校の振興 (in Japanese). 2010. Retrieved 2013-07-01 .
7. ^ Lebanese Ministry of College Education website (in Arabic) Archived 2007-07-xiv at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ Education in Lebanese republic, CSRD study, Lebanese American University, 2004 Archived 2007-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ "SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL" (PDF). Bajracharya, Dayanand; Bhuju, Dinesh Raj; Pokhrel, Jiba Raj. UNESCO Kathamndu Role . Retrieved 2007-11-03 .
10. ^ "KU Act 2048/1991" (PDF). KUPA . Retrieved 2012-08-xiv . ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]}
11. ^ "Private Universities". Ministry building of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved xiv August 2012.
12. ^ "Academy background". FBSU. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
13. ^ ^{a b c} "Stansfield College". Retrieved 2 April 2016.
14. ^ ^{a b} "Auston – Applied science, Computing and Business Degrees & Diplomas". Retrieved two April 2016.
15. ^ "Other Recognized Degrees". Retrieved iii August 2021.
16. ^ "Universities Act, No. sixteen of 1978, Sections21-27". Retrieved 3 August 2021.
17. ^ www.iit.ac.lk
18. ^ www.nsbm.ac.lk
19. ^ "Horizon Campus". Retrieved 2 April 2016.
20. ^ "Home – Sri Lanka Institute of It". Sri Lanka Institute of Information technology . Retrieved 2 April 2016.
21. ^ "- Applied science and Projection Management College in Sri Lanka". Auston . Retrieved ii April 2016.
22. ^ Official website – Akkreditierungsrat
23. ^ Code de l'éducation – Commodity L731-14 , retrieved 2018-04-17
24. ^ Diane Stone, "Market Principles, Philanthropic Ideals and Public Service Values: The Public Policy Program at the Central European University", PS: Political Science and Politics, July 2007: 545—551.
25. ^ "Particuliere Business school". Notenboom. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
26. ^ "Meer dan tachtig jaar; IVA Driebergen". Iva-driebergen. Retrieved fourteen August 2012.
27. ^ „Szkoły wyższe i ich finanse w 2012 r.", south. 32, 2013-11-13. Główny Urząd Statystyczny. ISSN 1506-2163 (politician.).
28. ^ "Janković i Teodorović: Trebalo bi ukinuti privatne univerzitete u Srbiji". N1 (TV channel). 11 June 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
29. ^ Yüksek Öğretim Kanunu/High Education Law
30. ^ "The Academy Debate: What the Ivy League can teach Uk". The Independent. London. 16 February 2011. Retrieved three March 2011.
31. ^ "For-profit higher gains full academy condition". BBC News. 8 August 2013.
32. ^ "For-profit RDI granted university status". Times Higher Education. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
33. ^ Dennis, Farrington; David Palfreyman (21 February 2011). "OFFA and £6000–9000 tuition fees" (PDF). OxCHEPS Occasional Paper No. 39. Oxford Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies. Retrieved 20 March 2011. Note, nevertheless, that any academy which does non want funding from HEFCE tin can, every bit a private corporation, charge whatever tuition fees information technology likes (exactly as does, say, the University of Buckingham or BPP Academy College). Under existing legislation and exterior of the influence of the HEFCE-funding mechanism upon universities, Government can no more command university tuition fees than it can dictate the price of socks in Marks & Spencer. Universities are not part of the State and they are not part of the public sector; Government has no reserve powers of intervention even in a failing institution. – HEFCE'southward powers were transferred to the OfS under the Higher Education and Research Act 2017
34. ^ Paton, Graeme (5 January 2012). "Taxpayer funding of universities 'to driblet to 100 year low'". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved half dozen Jan 2012.
35. ^ "Higher Education". Privy Council Office. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
36. ^ "Regulatory advice 13: How to utilise for university higher and university championship" (PDF). Office for Students. 11 Apr 2019.
37. ^ ^{a b} "Why there are only a few individual universities in Canada". The Globe and Postal service. The Woodbridge Company. 2 November 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
38. ^ Rigoberto Parada, José (Jump 2010). "Universidades públicas y privadas: Un enfoque tridimensional" (PDF). Estudios Públicos. 120: 183–205. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-10-17 .
39. ^ "The Western Orthodox University – Faculties of Theology and Church building Music · Florida, U.Southward.A". Westernorthodox.university. 1945-08-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01 .
40. ^ Number of educational institutions, by level and command of institution: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2016–17. Digest of Educational Statistics (Report). National Heart for Educational Statistics. 2018.
41. ^ Luzer, Daniel (thirteen April 2012). "Can We Make Higher Cheaper?". Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on 16 April 2012. Retrieved 17 Apr 2012.
42. ^ Malcolm Gladwell (10 October 2005). "Getting In: the social logic of Ivy League admissions". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 13 October 2005.
43. ^ Tottie, Gunnel. (2001) Introduction to American English Blackwell Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 0-631-19792-3.
44. ^ "Washington University in St Louis Financial Aid". College Factual. 2013-02-xx. Retrieved 2020-03-02 .
45. ^ Burrows, Toby (1993). Serials Management in Australia and New Zealand. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. p. 19. ISBNi-56024-453-4.
46. ^ Princeton Review (2004). Guide to Studying Abroad. New York, NY: The Princeton Review. p. 105. ISBN978-0-375-76371-7.
47. ^ Trounson, Andrew; Puddy, Rebecca (2011-ten-18). "First individual uni in 24 years led by Clinton". The Australian . Retrieved 2016-08-02 .

External links [edit]

• Private Universities Act 1992 – Bangladesh
• Higher Education Commission – Pakistan
• Gratis-fees initiative – Republic of ireland
• Higher Education Colleges Association – Republic of ireland

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_university